Parking vehicle art and apparatus



Oct. 23, 1945.

Filed Nov. 26, 1942 10 Sheets-Sheet 1 f'n/rancz Oct. 23, 1945. R. E. WHITMORE 2,337,312

PARKING VEHICLE ART AND APBARATUS Filed Nov. 26. 1942 10 Sheets-Sheet 2 11 jtwenhyt,

Oct. 23, 1945. R. E. WHITMORE 2,337,312

PARKING VEHICLE ART AND APPARATUS Filed Nov. 26, 1942 10 Sheets-Sheet :5

Pay ffW/wfmore J' Wan Oct. 23, 1945. R. E. WHITMORE 2,387,312

PARKING VEHICLE ART AND APPARATUS Filed NOV. 26, 1942 10 ShSGtS-ShGBt 6 ably/W245 Oct. 23, 1945.

R. E. WHITMORE PARKING VEHICLE ART AND APPARATUS Filed Nov. 26, 1942 10 Sheets-Sheet 7 5a 59 6 51 loo 3 J4 e 1 I2. 10/ a? y lO/t 97 N s0 44 27 I02 Pay f. wh/fmora 3 Oct. 23, 1945. R. E. WHITMORE 2,387,312

PARKING VEHICLE ART AND APPARATUS Filed Nov. 26, 1942 10 Sheets-Sheet s Ava 30-4 Fly. /6.

" 2% f. WIN/mafia, 3

06L 945. R. E. WHITMORE 2,337,312

PARKING VEHICLE ART AND APPARATUS Filed Nov. 26, 1942 IO-Sheats-Sheet 9 Oct. 23, 1945.

R. E. WHITMORE PARKING VEHICLE ART AND APPARATUS Filed Nov. 26, 1942 10 Sheets$heet 10 Pay [T Wh/fmorq, Q

Patented Oct. 23, 1945 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,387,312 PARKING VEHICLE ART AND APPARATUS Roy E. Whitmore, Staunton, Va. Application November 26, 1942, Serial No. 467,020

15 Claims.

This invention relates to lots used ior parking automobiles and other vehicles, and more particularly concerns such lots having self-service or automatic features. It further concerns a. registering device for use upon parking lots of this general type and rendering possible such automatic service hereinafter described.

One object of my invention is to evolve a parking lot which provides parking service which can be availed of by the patrons in simple and expeditious manner, which requires minimum attendance by the operators of the lot, has low operating costs and produces increased profits at low tariff to patron, while at the same time permitting ready and accurate check by the operator as to whether the privileges or the arking lot are being paid for on behalf of each vehicle thereon, and if those privileges are not paid for in any respect, to determine readily which particular vehicle or vehicles is the oiiender, and precisely in what respect the rules of the parking lot are being transgressed.

Another object is to produce a coin-actuated registering device for use as an integral part of the parking lot, and which provides the selfservice or automatic features heretofore referred to, which device is compact, comparatively simple in construction, is rugged, does not easily get out of order, is readily accessible for repairs when they become necessary, which compels the entry oi a complete record as to the time that each vehicle is parked on the parking lot, the amount of time for which payment is made, and suitable identifying indicia for determining the precise vehicle in question, which permits the removal and return of the vehicle from the parking lot during the parking period initially paid for without additional cost, which permits identifying which articular vehicle has been paid for by means of slugs or unacceptable coins, and which is substantially fool-proof and tamperproof.

7 Other objects and advantages will in part be pointed out hereinafter and in part will be obvious from the following description.

My invention accordingly resides in the several elements and features or construction and operational steps, and in the relation each of the same to one or more of the others, all as is more fully pointed out hereinafter, taken in light of the appended claims.

In the drawings, wherein I illustrate one embodiment of my invention which I prefer at present, Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view showing a parking lot embodying the novel feaprints are made thereon tures of my invention, and disclosing the booth in which I prefer t3 house the metering and registering device which forms an integral part of my invention;

Figure 2 is a perspective view looking forwardly from the right-hand rear of the device;

Figures 3 and 4 are like perspective views, looking from the right front of the registering device, and respectively showing the recording window in its closed and open positions;

Figures 5 and 6 are like side elevations, parts being stripped away or omitted for the sake of clarity, and loo device, and respectively illustrating the windowactuating, time clock mechanism-actuating, and recording strip-actuating mechanism;

Figures '7 and dare like side elevatibns, taken from the right rear of the device, with the actuating lever in its raised and lowered position, respectively, and illustrating the manner in which functions the reel carrying the marking means;

Figures 9 and 10 are like views, partly in elevation and partly in section, taken respectively on the lines 9-9 in Figures 5 and 'l, and Iii-In in Figures 6 and 8, showing the time clock in raised and lowered position, respectively, these views looking towards the front of the device;

Figures 11 and 12 are like fragmentary elevations showing the cooperation between the coin slide-actuated mechanism and the window-actuating mechanism, Figure 11 illustrating the coin slide in its rest or extended position, and Figure 12 showing it in its seated or operable position;

Figure 13 depicts the time strip according to my invention, showing the manner in which'imby the time clock as the strip progresses step-by-step across the window opening;

Figure 14 is a fragmentary rear elevation and Figure 15 a side elevation looking from the left rear of the device, showing details of the take-up reel for the marking means;

Figure 16 is a fragmentary perspective view taken at the left rear of the device, showing the change-over mechanism for the segmental rack bar controlling movement of the main lever;

Figures 17 and 18 show, in side elevation, details oi the actuating mechanism for step-bystep control of the main roll of the paper feed mechanism according to different positions of the actuating lever (not shown);

Figure 19 is a fragmentary perspective view showing details of the pawl mechanism and assoirom the right front of the 2 9,887,818 elated plate cam for camming the main roll in The essential requirement in all or these illusclockwise direction, step-by-step: trations Just recited is that one or more perlcns Figure is a fragmentary end elevation showbe constantly in attendance at all times during ing the main feed roll and particularly disclosoperation of the parking lot. This makes it iming the manual control tor the auxiliary feed I practicable from an economic standpoint to oproll which is associated with the main teed roll: crate parking lots on small plots of ground in tion, and disclosing details of the time stamp and es are high. Even when the schedule of parkal ed mec sm w ing tarifl's israised, it is still not feasible to pay Figure 22 discloses in fragmentary i'ront eleboth the high rental charge and the salaries of vation structural details oi the latching mechthe att and re urn a proiit at the end oi anism or the upper time clock said the accounting period en viewed from the As conducive to a more thorough understands int oi the customer on the parking lot, ing oi my invention. it may be noted at this point 1 the disadvantage is inherent, as hereinafter that the tendency is becoming increasingly pointed out, that the parking lot cannot be used ar tor intermittent daytime use trend in; a new ice each time the vehicle is parked towards this practice is accelerated by numerous 0 thereo causes, among which may be listed the tendency An object oi my invention is, therefore, to wards concentration oi population in l e avoid the disadvan esanddraw ackseet iorth oi es, and the growing practice oi trave in the ioregoing, and to evolve a method or parkurban business centers from suburban residentogether wi e means for car that tial communities, by automobile or other vehicu- 25 method into effective operation, which permits lar conveyances ith the provision 0! par parking vehicles on a is lot in the absence lots at all available downtown spots in business oi all but infrequent supervision at indefinite inand commercial centers, as is nowadays often tervals or time, it nevertheless ble to are high, it is frequently desirable to provide 80 parking lot. sothat a prospective user or the a his ground. Operating e penses, regardless 0! the license number and other specified indicia, he area or the parking lot, must at all time be kept being compelled to pay before registration is toaminimum. possible.

Heretoi'ore it hasbeen considered essential that 3 Briefly stated, my invention consists in proan operator or operators at all times be located viding a parking lot, which, an convenience in on the arking lot and be readily available to par g efer n e ing has to Film 1), may the customer, both to park the car and issue be divided 0! into a plurality 0L stalls II. I!

identification tags and to pick up the rurrenparking lo is thus divided into stalis, these dered tag when the customer returns for his car 40 stalls can be numbered and the number or the and receive the money thereto stalls may be employed as part of the iden- Ordinarily, therefore at least one and ring dicia referred to However it is entire- The necessity oi keeping an operator or attend inc parked is placed at a suitable place on the operate small-sized parkin lo and even in oiwood. concrete or other suitable materia are the instance or large lots the salaries of a large so set into the ground, dividing oi! the lot into s lls, and being set near the back of the stalls.

i'erence between sizable profit on the one hand m interim!!! wi h positioning the veand merely moderate return or t high a m hicle in the stall. The driver, ai'ter 1 0k!!! his hand The additional drawback is present from the f? standpoint oi' the customer in the operation of lot, it cannot be returned without the payment g fgfg ig ggjmm z; :5 is the identification of a vehicle; the time of parking,

ction a m leted. Even in those instances where the par ing lots one or more com- In M are or the so-called sell-service pe. the practice come with a prevailing mm at tum in ant a check which he presents upon his return to loaded m n m m home: window the lot, at which time he pays for the par ing raised in the front or the device. xposing a winprivilege. and himseli drives the car or other idow opening. suitable record means. which convehicle out or the parking lot. It is this se1iveniently may take the form or a continuous strip of paper, is exposed upon raising the wineeii-eervice feature as heretofore known. dow oi the device. The coin slides, when seated home. bring about actuation of stamps. These make an impression on the held of the record strip adjacent the window opening, of the total amount of coins deposited for the particular vehlcle.

A pencil, stylus, or other parking means is made available through the window opening, being chained to a reel on the frame of the device. This serves for inserting on the paper strip identifying data concerning the particular vehicle such as the license tag number and state of origin, an arbitrarily selected identifying number or the like.

To protect his investment the patron finds it necessary to close the window, and this is done by depressing an actuating lever which protrudes through the front of the machine. Upon actuation of this lever, or other control means, a time clock pivotally mounted on the frame of the device or any other suitable time-metering mechanism is operated so as to provide a time imprint on the recording strip adjacent the window opening. As one sequence of operations the parking pencil or the like is reeled up, the window is closed, and at the conclusion of the downward swing of the actuating lever the recording strip is moved forwardly.

In lieu of the pencil, stylus, or other manual marking means it is of course entirely feasible and is within the province of my invention to provide a typewriter keyboard or number printer of either conventional or modified type, the structural changes required in such instance being minor and entirely routine and obvious. A number printer will serve adequately, inasmuch as duplication of license numbers of vehicles on the parking lot will seldom occur, so that in practically all instances, reference to the state of origin of the vehicle may safely be omitted. Similarly if desired, a suitable photographic process may be used in lieu of the window opening and associated mechanism, a registration card or suitable plate in the possession of the vehicle operator being employed to provide the required data. In such instance the printing mechanism is simply unlatched by operation of the coin slide or slides, rather than the actuation of the window mechanism. Finally, the time-stamp, which in my preferred embodiment is operated by clockwork mechanism, may conveniently be replaced by an electric time stamp or the like. Regardless of the type of clock employed, this clock, in addition to providing an imprint on the record strip of the time at which the coin or coins were deposited, can also be employed to print the date of each transaction. If desired, of course, the record strip may be replaced daily or the entries on the continuous strip removed daily. An additional refinement which conveniently may be employed in some instances is to provide the registering device with a receipt printer of conventional type such as are now employed in cash registers and similar installations. to ensure to the patron a record which is a substantial duplicate of that provided on the record strip.

Within the housingor booth provided adjacent the parking lot Lpfefer to provide a vertical partition dividing the housing into a front, patron's booth. and a rear booth intended for the operator. The coin-actuated metering and registering device is mounted in said partition, with its front disposed towards the front booth and the rear part thereof extending into the operator's booth. Available to the patron, therefore, are the coin slides, a window opening, normally closed, an indication of the time, and an actuating lever for the operation of the registering device.

As a typical instance of a coin-actuated metering and registering deviceforming part of my invention and which I prefer at present to employ, reference may be had to the construction shown in Figures 2 through 22 of the accompanying drawings. For convenience, such device may he considered as consisting of six essential mechanisms, and likewise for convenience, the metering and registering device will be discussed under the following headings: Coin-slide mechanism; window mechanism: Marking mechanism; Time clock mechanism; Actuating lever; Record strip advance mechanism.

Coin-slide mechanism As is evident from Figures 2, 3 and 4, the frame of the machine consists in part of a bottom. substantially horizontal frame member II, and a front, upstanding frame member ll secured in desired manner to member H. A second intermediate frame member ll extends horizontally rearwardly from front member ll intermediate the vertical reach of the latter. This member I! is supported and trussed by side frame members disposed vertically and tied in with the front frame member and extending rearwardiy thereof, one of these frame members being disclosed at IT in Figure 2.

Directing attention for the moment to the construction of Figures 3 and 4. it will be seen that a window opening II is provided in front member II, which opening, in Figure 3, is closed by a suitable window II. With the window ll closed, a sight opening 2! is disposed in frame I! above the window permitting view of the time clock positioned rearwardly thereof. In the position of the parts disclosed in Figure 4, the window II is raised, permitting access to the parts of the device disposed behind the window opening II. In its raised position the window it, as will be seen from Figure 4, covers the window 2|, cutting of! view of the time clock.

A face plate It is mounted at the front of the frame member II, and overlying this member and at the bottom of window II is a platform II, the purpose of which will be disclosed hereinafter. Escutcheon plates II are provided on the face' plate II, for purposes of appearance, and these escutcheon plates receive coin slides indicated generally at ll, 28. As is evident from consideration of Figure 2; these coin slides extend rearwardly beyond plate II. The coin slides are of conventional type, well known in the art, and

are adapted to receive coins of different denominations, Further description of the precise construction of the coin slots is deemed unnecessary since their structure is conventional and forms no part of this invention. Coin wells or tubes II, II receive the coins when the coin slides are seated home.

Now having reference more particularly to Figure 2, but directing attention also to Figures ii and 12, inspection discloses that the coin slides II, II are hinged in conventional manner at their rear ends, at 21, 21 to links 28, 28 which in turn are pivoted at their other ends, at pns 29. 20. to the ends of rocker arms indicated generally at ll, It. These rocker arms are free to rock in slots II, 3i provided in frame member l8 (Figure 2). They are free to revolve about shaft 3! which extends laterally between side frame members l1, ii. The rocker arms in general have the shape of inverted L's, the vertical legs II, 33 beins disposed rearwardly and having their longitudinal axes substantially intersecting the axis of the shaft If. The short legs ll. 34 of the L: are disposed forwardly and horizontally, and their longitudinal axes in similar manner substantially intersecting the axis of shaft 32. Frame member II at its forward end is provided with a platen 34 (Figures 9 and 10), across which passes a record strip 38, behind and adjacent the window opening l8, and normally being separated from the latter by window it.

Associated with each rocker arm is a self-inking printer indicated generally at 31 (Figures 9 and 10). This printer is of entirely conventional design, and consists generally of a stationary frame it closely overlying the registering strip 36, a sight Opening 3! (Figure 2) through which the stamp prints, a number stamp Ill, and a plunger 4i fast to the stamp and slidably extending through the top of the frame 38. Loosely coiled about the plunger 4! and fast to the free end of arm 34 is a coiled spring 42. This coiled spring serves as a cushioning device to transmit, in the absence of abrupt shock, the impelling force of the arm I to the spindle 4i, causing the number printer corresponding to each coin slide to make an imprint on the field of the paper strip 36 adiacent the open window at such time as a coin slide is operated upon insertion of a coin therein.

Disposed rearwardly of these coin slides, within the range of action thereof, is a releasing coupler, here indicated (Figure 2) as being of substantially U-shape, and indicated generally by the numeral 43. This releasing coupler consists of a web or yoke portion 44 disposed either horizontally or at but a slight angle thereto, and upstanding arms 45, N. A releasing coupler shaft ll is made fast to the side frame members l1, II. The arms 48, II are pivotally swung on this lastmentioned shaft. for purposes which will be described hereinafter.

Reference to Figures 8 and 16 discloses that this U-shaped coupled is Provided with extensions 41 which extend outwardly beyond the arms 45, 45, to serve as stops, as will be developed more fully hereinafter.

It is to be noted at this point, as disclosed in exaggerated manner in Figures 11 and 12, that upon seating home of any coin slot, the corresponding rocker arm Ill contacts the adjustable portion a of the yoke 44 of the releasing coupler l3 and swings the latter rearwardly so as to move the stop 1 (Figure 8) of the latter into unlatching or releasing position.

Window mechanism It has already been stated herein, particularly in connection with the discussion concerning Figures 3 and 4, that the front frame member I! of the device is provided with a window opening it, normally closed by a window ID. The construction of this window can be best seen from Figure 2. Referring to that figure it will be seen that the window I 9 is provided on its vertical ends with recesses providing shoulders 48, there bein one such shoulder on each side of the window, that on the right side in Figure 2 not being shown. Thus the upper part 49 of window I 9 is of reduced width. A spring 50, preferably of the coiled type, is made fast to the upper end of window I! at ii while at its opposite end it is anchored to a stud or the like 52 made fast to the upper rear of the front member II. This spring is made comparatively strong and serves to bring the window l9, when the latter is unlatched, smartly up to a position where it exposes the window opening ll, as shown for example in Figure 4. A side View of window I l in its raised Figure ii.

Pivoted to the inner face: of the arms 4|, ll of the U-shaped coupler member ll are latch bars 53, ll (Figure 2) (only one of which is shown), the pivotal connection with the arms 4|, I being near the upper ends of these latter, as at I. The latch bars 53, 53 extend forwardly in nearly horizontal manner. For convenience, I provide on the inner faces of the side frame members 11, ll, near the front thereof, looped guides 55, ll through which slide the latch bars I3, the front ends of thme latter being thereby restrained to rectilinear motion.

Suitable means, to be described in much greater detail hereinafter, are provided for stamping on the record strip 36 in the field opposite the window pening l8, a record as to the time and perhaps date on which entry is made on the register slip. While this time-stamping means may take the form of an electric time stamp or the like, it is shown here, in Figure 2, directly in the rear of the window ID, as comprising a spring-rewind time clock 58, reciprocable in a vertical direction. Time clock 56 is made fast at its upper end to a post U, which in turn is connected with a time-clock guide shaft 58 extending horizontally and parallel to the front frame member 15. Only so much of the time-clock mechanism will be discussed at this time as is required for complete understanding of the construction and operation of the window l9.

At the top, outer ends of the portion of reduced width 48 of the window l9, rearwardly extending stirrups 59, 58 are provided, extending back at substantially right angles to the window I 9. These stirrups are provided with semi-circular recesses on the upper surfaces thereof registering with and adapted to engage the under surface of guide shaft ill when the window is raised to its top position, as fully shown, for example, in Figure 12. Now, when the time clock is lowered in manner hereinafter to be described, into registery with the record strip, the guide shaft 58, through its ongagement with stirrups I9, pulls down the window l9 against the tension of the spring BI and into position where it closes the window opening II and the latch bars ll are re-seated, due to the mass action of the U-shaped stirrups H. To ensure positive re-latching, it is desirable to have the U-shaped coupler ll of appreciable weight.

Marking mechanism Each time that the window I B is opened, it is necessary, in order to complete the record data which must be inserted on the working field of the record strip 36, that certain information be inserted concerning the particular vehicle being parked. This may be done in numerous ways, as for example, by the use of a keyboard, by photographic process, and by other convenient means. In the embodiment undergoing discussion, however, I prefer to provide a marking stylus or Frequently, however, it happens that the patron will not himself have available a pencil, stylus or other marking means such as is required: and it is desirable, in accordance with my invention." that marking means be attached permanently't'o the device which, while be made readily available at the time that the device is brought into condition for use by the patron, that is, when the window I! is open, nevertheless is of such construction that the marking means position may be had in can be removed in unauthorized manner only with extreme diniculty. The construction of the marking mechanism is best illustrated in Figures '1 and 8; further reference being had to the details shown in Figures 14 and 15. .l

Referring first, howevertto Figures and 6, it will be seen that main actuating lever ll, which protrudes outwardly beyond the front frame member l8, terminating in handle portion this made fast at its lower rear end to a main shaft is which extends horizontally parallel to the front member I! completely-across the device. Thus actuating lever ii servesto 'rock the shaft I. Btops 41 (Figure 8) provided at each-end of the yoke portion 44 of the U-shaped'releasing coupler I! are adapted to receive and engage with antifriction rollers 8| (Figures 1, 8 and. lfil-on the ends of bell-crank levers indicated generally at I (Figures 5 and 8) and 66 (Flgures'l-and 8) disposed on opposite sides of the lateral frame members I1, ll. Referring more particularly to the bell-crank lever it (Figures 'l and 8). this is made fast on shaft it, outside frame member 11, and is rocked with saidshaft In the restposition of the device, withthe-actuatinglever 1| in its raised position. the rear leg 'll of'this bellcrank lever extends rearwardi'y'and' substantially horizontally of its pivot point about shaft-II,

while its front leg is extends upwardly mm this pivot point. In the-rest position sliown in Figure'Lthebell-crank 4 I. and is restrained against movement.

Fast to the'bell-crank lever*between and I8 is hung a gear quadrant ll havingoutwardly extending teeth. A bracket ll ismade fast to the top of side frame member l'l, adjacent quadrant I, and extends laterally outwardly from the frame member" preferably taking the form of an inverted u-shapedmember and carrying between its legs a rotatable shaft H. A take-up reel 12 is mounted for rotation on this shaft (Figme 15). and as is shown in Figures 14 and 15, a pinion is mounted on shaft H, and meshes with gear quadrant ll. Thus. when actuating lever II is swung downwardly in its working stroke, thereby rotating shaft 63. bell-crank lever I is likewise rocked. swinging gear quadrant 8! through its arc. As the gear quadrant 88 is swung forwardly, the meshing of its teeth with those of pinion ll causes take-up reel ll to be rotated in a counter-clockwise direction, winding up the chain associated therewith. A chain, cable, rope or other suitable securing means 14 is made fast at one end to take-up reel 12 and is wound, or unwound. as the case may be. as the gear quadrant III is rocked. A chute l8, conducting and guiding the chain ll, extends downwardly from the lower front of take-up reel I! to the right bottom of the window opening ll, (1. e. to the left of window ll as seen in Figure 4). A pencil, marking stylus or similar marking means ll is madeiast to the free end of this chain; and is available. when the window is open, for use by the patron. The length of the chain is such that the pencil can be readily manipulated by the patron, without any tendency towards binding. When the actuating lever II is swung downwardly through its working stroke. in the manner described hereinbefore, the counter-clockwise rotation of the take-up reel 1! causes the cable" to be wound up on the reel l2. retracting the marking means I6 out of the window opening and up into the chute II. During the same working stroke of the actuating lever I, the window II is lowered and re-latched. It is desirable,

iu is latched by stop arms until the head-end of the pencil 16 contacts it;

whereupon the spring ll is stretched. biasing the pencil in an unwinding direction.

As the actuating'lever I. having reached the bottomof its stroke, begins its return journey towards its raised'or rest position. the gear quadrant is rocked in a. counter-clockwise direction (Figure thereby unwinding reel 12 in a clockwise direction. The spring ll pulls the pencil l0 downwardly in chute it into contact with the window It, so that as the latter is raised. the pencil falls forwardly onto the platform if, im-

mediately in front of the window opening. .To

take care of the slackin'the chain 14 whenthe actuating lever ii is-in its raised-positionwand the reel .12 is unwound the bottom :of the chute ills provided with a longitudinally extending slot-II (Figure 7) into which the surplua-unwound length of chain drops and hangs ".111 pendantmannen This is fully shown in Figure I, and serves to protect the chain against kinking or breaking. when the window is raised and the pencil pulled outwardly, the hitherto pendant portion of the chain II is readily pulled outwardly by the patron. and slides through the forward :85 portion of the chute IS, without hindrance by the spring 11.

' @f'ime clock mechanism It'has been stated herelnbefore, on: in con- 40 nection with the discussion of the window mechahim, that a time clock is employed. and that a sight opening ill is provided in Figures 3 and 4 for viewing the time clock when the window is in its closed-position. Additionally. in the discussionof the operation of the window mechanism casual reference has been made to the clock SI .of Figure 2. it is in order atthis point to make further disclosure of the time clock actuating mechanism.

It has already been stated hereinbefore that an electric time and datestamp may be substituted for the manually-rewind time clock herein disclosed. and additionally. that a date stamp can be employed when desired. Should either an electric clock or a manually-rewind clock be employed, however. it is required that this clock be capable of making an imprint on the record strip II in the field underlying the window opening II.

The construction of this time clock mechanism is as follows: A time clock it of conventional design is employed, having manual rewind and provided with members controlling the date and other indicia employed. The details of this time clock are entirely conventional in the art, and require no further discussion at this time, since they form no part of the present invention.

As is evident from Figure 2 a post 51 is made fast to the time clock it at the upper end of the latter, and the upper, free end of this post is made fast to horizontal time clock guide shaft 5!, already described. in the discussion of the take-up reel mechanism of Figures 7 and 8, reference has been made to the bell-crank levers 8U, 88 disposed on opposite sides of the side frame member il in and made last to main mm as. Furthermore,

action of the springs some mention has n made in the discussion of this marking mechanism ot the manner in which theseebeH-erank levers are released upon seating homes! the coin slides by the U-shaped releasing "when the device is conditioned for operation of the actuatinglever 8|, the bell-crank levers OI, llyidentical incbnstmctiomare swung h like arcs, counter-clockwise in Figure and clockwise in'l'lgure L r th; a description of the eil'ect on-the time-clockhfrocking the bell-crank leversit ls'ttfbe inoted .-that1 upper time clock guides llrli/ (aromas-1o inclusive), identical in oonstructiont areprovidedgpivotedto the interim-walls of de trams members i1, 11. At the front hottomeh'iils of these suide'members modined bayonet slots d1 1 "I both) extendingupwarrom- "e m edges 0! these guides and'terminating openings 88. Front bolts-ll (rim-2r and 22) wardiy members H,

bolts Just described, exoeptthat the shouldered portion and the washer are omitted. Circular openings 'pmvided'ln'the guides II at the'bottom reartheredf; or the guides permanently and pivotail on rear bolts ll, i. e. these oliei'iings 'the rear oi the in lieu oi hayonet'slots: Guideshatt II is rotatably seated in longitudinal slots It in "II." tor both reeiprocatory and rotary m vement I a The springs ll serve to press the guides ll resiliently against the pressed inwardly, against the It, to slip the enlarged openings ll oil of the shoulders"; whereupon'the bayonet slots can he slipped oil the reduced ditially rieht angles I provide studs 04, 94 extending laterally on opposite sides of the time clock, which studs are adapt- IINFi'gm-e 2i) arezprovided;

(Q is seated home, however, so that strained by upper guides II, it

the time clock, already near the top 01 the lower guides when in its rest position, wardly a sufllcient distance to clear the studs 84,

wardly in the mannerpreviously An inking pad 06 of conventional design is swung on a short 81 extending transversely across the lower guides 81, 81 near the top legs It, 93 thereoi'.- Suitable means such as a The bar maintains the inking pad firmly beneath the under surface 0! the time clock, preventing thereoi' against the thrust of that the latter is always maintalned properly inked. When a coin slide 24,

I downwardly, swinging with it the main shaft it, the front arms 65a, Bl oi the bellcrank levers are rocked forwardly and downwardly. pulling with them the links The guide shaft 68 is rocked downwardly, being conto vertical rectilinear motion. The time clock It is swung downthe letter about ll, downwardly which at that moment closes the window opening. The time stamp is thus free to make an imprint on the record strip 36. As the guide shalt ll moves downwardly. it carries with'it the stirrups II, ll of the window It (Figure 2) in the manner already described. The time clock thus provides On the field oi the strip 38 exposed through the window opening l8, a recording 01' the time and perhaps date at which the mechanism is actuated.

Actuatina lever It has been pointed out from time to time in the foregoing that the various mechanisms comprising parts of the device. As shown in Figures 3 and 4. the lever Bi projects through a slot I04 provided in the front frame member It, at the right side "fthereorg and in a time; :2. As

shown in, and 6,;this actuating lever arm to a, main shaft 61 extending entirely across the device, Bell-crank levers 65, iii are fast to this shaft fil 's-nil thus are rocked by actuating lever Ii wheneventhelatter is oper- "ated. ,Ihroughboth bell-crank levers. the time clock a (Figure 2 is reciprocated, while through beli-crankileveryii and gear quadrant ,8! the ma king mechanism isactuated. ,lidditionally,

H thel i ating' lever Bl indirectly controls the re-. storing. action ,or the window, i9, inasmuch as latter is' re-seated' s n incident" to downward'movenient 0:! the clock ilin the man-.

ner pointed. out'hereinbefore. However, there are certain additionnlieatures of novelty resident in mechanism subjected to controiiby and.

operating the actuatingilever 6I.

Having particular reference, tongue: 2, 5. 1

" e and 16, it is to be notedjtha't ,afscg'mental max.

I" is madefast to theIeft-Ihand'side rra'me member li ithislsto'thelrightlri nsur s a. 4. 5 and 6) and to the inte, ediatejrdrhe 'member i8. This segmental rachjwhlch'may be constructed a lightly as possible with rigidity. is

' showninil igurelaa'lififving a' pluralltyof gear a th "I; withdeepened tlillllh lme, m

ill-.at'theilimitsoi ltrivel'thereacross of a cooperating pawl,memb'er; l l l..,,to' be described.

'The reararmfflbiof bell-crank lever "fil'lgure l6) hasironer u insure: f6); 'rotatabl mounted crank lever ll, relative .'to"ithe;}raclt .jlil l, the

' pivotally-carrled dog is"adapted to cam'ln one direction and. preventmovementin ,thet direction, whilefit is-enabledjto'sllp the teeth oi the I rack 'upongrn lemengpf ,the lever 81 in the opposite d'irectiohf, Thus.fl in' .the' normal or rest position of the device'iwlth the actuating lever II in its raised position, the dog'jll] lselevated so that it cools against the tooth next above (Figure 16) upon attempted counter-clockwise rocking of the lever II, thus eilectively preventing such movement. The tooth immediately below the dog ll! prevents th letterfrom falling into the lower direction-changing recess I01 where it will shift over to a position whereby it cam in the opposite direction. The releasing coupler I at this time is'in engagement with, by stops ll, (Figures 8 andlfi) the anti-friction rollers ll, and prevents'the, levers Bl, ll from dropping into a position such that the dog III will fall into the direction-changing station represented by recess I01.

Upon operation of the coin slides, however, the particular rocker arm or rocker arms 3!, I! rock the coupler l1, there y releasing the bell-crank lever 5 so that the latter promptly falls into posltion whereby the dog Illl switches over or changes direction and thereafter will cam in a direction opposite to that in which it formerly operated. This action is brought about largely by spring III (Figures 5, 6, l7 and 18). later to be described. Thus, after the sequence of operations just described, if new lever Si is pulled downwardly, causing bell crank lever 65 to rock in a counter-clockwise direction (Figures 5 and B), the pawl H0 will not resist such motion. If, however, the lever 61 is released before it is pulled to the bottom extent of its travel. the restoring action of the mechanism is prevented due to the camming o1 pawl llli in the teeth "it of rack I". Thus, movement can be accomplished in one direction only of the lever 81 until the hill swing of the lever Si is completed. At this time the pawl H0 has been brought to a position where it falls into the top change-over recess I08, and is therefore readied for cammlng in the opposite direction.

I find it advantageous to employ a small leaf spring (not shown) associated with the pawl Hl -t0 impel it through its travel about its shaft Hi! when it falls. into the change-over recesse It", I", to ensure that such change-over operation is completely accomplished.

While the patron is compelled to rock lever 8| downwardly from its top rest position to close L window opening it after the required data has 7 been recorded in order to protect his investment.

there is no compulsion requiring him to restore lever 8| to its top, rest position after that lever has once been brought to the bottom of its travel. i To ensure that the lever is carried back to its top. rest position even should the patron release the lever'at any point between the bottom of its travel and short of the top of its travel, suitable restoring means are provided. To this end, in theembodiment illustrated, and having reference more particularly to Figures 3 through 6, i7 and 18, I provide a yoke-shaped member Ill, entitled a main-spring yoke, closed by a. tie member H2 mounted fast on shaft 63 adjacent lever 8!. A powerful spring HI, preferably coiled, and constituting a main spring. is fast at its front end 7 ill (Figure 6) to the frame. while its rear end H8 is fast to the apex of the main-spring yoke Ill. As is clearly evident from Figures 5 and 6. when the lever GI is in its raised or rest position. the spring H8 is nearly collapsed, and exerts but little restoring action. when. however, lever II is in its lowermost position, the yoke III is swung counter-clockwise (Figures 5 and 6) about shaft 81, and spring I I3 is extended or tensioned.

, as in Figure 6. Upon change-over of the dog ill! in the top change-over slot or recess ill in rack I, the spring H3 will participate in the restoring of the lever 8i. or upon release of that lever by the patron, will restore the mechanism of its own accord.

The spring H3 being extremely powerful, the restoring action normally would be quite abrupt and serious danger would exist of damage to the delicate mechanism of the time clock as well as other parts of the device unless some cushioning means are provided. In my present invention I employ a modified form oi the familiar dash pot.

Having attention to Figures 5 and 6 it will be seen that cylinder III is made last to a frame member Ill, and hence is immobile. The piston (not shown) within the cylinder has fast thereto a plunger Ill terminating in a contact button 9 or other suitable contact member. A contact shoe I20 adapted to cooperate with the button Ill in convenient manner is secured to a movable part of the device. In this instance it is made fast to arm 66b of bell-crank lever ll near the rear end of the latter. When the lever 85 is rocked counter-clockwise (Figure 6) contact member I20 is removed from plunger Ill and button H9 so that the latter are pushed upwardly with the piston in cylinder HI. when the lever Bi is released, however, and the mechanisms are restored by spring HI then shoe in contacts button H9 so that plunger H8 is seated against the resistance lntcrnwied by the piston in cylinder H5. in this mar-arr n11 tendency towards a rupt stop and-consequent shock is effectively avoided.

Record strip advance mechanism Upon each actuation of my new device a new field of the record strip ll is exposed on the platen It (Figures 9 and 10) underlying the window opening ll. Upon actuation of the coin slides, the first step is for the coin stamps to record on the field of the record strip the amount of money deposited; 'Nextly, the patron inserts on the field the identifying data concerning his vehicle. Lastly, on the same field, the time clock upon operation of the actuating lever ti imprints the lime when such entries were made.

It is necessary. to condition the device for the next subsequent registering, to move the record strip step-by-step across the machine, in order to present a new field under window opening it. Whfle this objective may be accomplished in a number of different manners. some of which are old'in the art: in the instance under discussion, having particular reference to Figures 9 and 10, I prefer to provide a supp y roll III on a shaft if! made fast to the frame of the device. preferably the front frame member is. The record strip It is unwound from the supply roll Iii and extends across the top of platen II under the side frame member I! and lower guides 8|, 8|, over to a main food roll III at the left side of the device (Figures 9 and 10). Home ofthe details of this feed roll are disclosed in Figures 1! through 19. Post to the front of the feed roll is provided a plate cm I". fast to the same shaft "I as is the roll in. rotatably Journalled in convenient and conventlonal manner in brackets (not shown) fast to the frame of the device.

The plate cam I" is provided with four camming shoulders I" "(Figure 19), laid oil and equally spaced in separate quadrants of a circle. so that the main feed roll isadvanced upon each actuation of operating lever II, a peripheral distance lust sufiicient to present a new field of the record strip'under the window, this distance in the present instance being one-fourth of the circumference of the roll iil. All this is accomplished in a manner to be pointed out hereinafter.

A main feed roll lever is! (Figures 8-8, 16-19) is made fast as its rear end. at III, for pivoting about the frame of the device. The front of this lever I21 is constrained to vertical rectilinear reciprocation by its engagement in a slot ill provided in a guide III made fast to the front frame member H. An arm I" (Figures 17-19) extends downwardly from the front end of the lever ill, being made fast to the latter. A link iii of substantially L-shape is pivoted at one end to the bottom of the arm I", and at its upper end is pivoted to an arm "la which is received on shaft if! of the main feed roll I". A pawl ll! (Figure 19) is pivoted to the arm Ilia so as to engage against the periphery of the cam plate I". The direction of ell-mining is such that as the actuating lever is lowered, the pawl I" rides freely over the surface of cam I. When the lever ll reaches the bottom of its travel, however. the pawl I12 engages against one of the shoulders I" and came thereagainst so that upon restoring action of the lever ii, the feed roller i2! is advanced by one step. A spring ill may be com voniently employed to press against pawl I32 and bias the same into camming engagement with the shoulders ill. A retaining pawl of conven- This shaft "l is tional design (not shown) is pivotally disposed on the frame of the machin at convenient point and is urged at all times against the periphery of cam plate I24. Its function is to prevent rotation of the cam plate in a counterclockwise direction, looking at Figure 19.

A spring I, the purpose of which will be more fully developed hereinafter is shown in Figures 19 and 20 as having considerable length. and has attached at one end to the free end of lever isla and thereafter, after extending about pulley Ilia disposed inwardly and laterally (within the device) of the main feed roller I23, is connected at its other end to a bracket I38, hereinafter to be described, which receives the auxiliary feed roller I38. All this will be more fully developed hereinafter.

Frbm the yoke iii more particularly the tie rod H2, depends a stirrup l" which carries a top anti-friction roller i" and several bottom antifriction rollers ill: The roller ill engages on the top of the lever I21, while the rollers 131.131 engage against the bottom of that lever. Thus. since the yoke Iii is fast to shaft 83 and is rocked by the latter upon operation of the lever ii, the stirrup ill moves along the length of the lever I27 and rocks the latter about its pivot point I". so that the front end of lever I21 reciprocates in its guide shaft and actuates the main feed roll. Upon downward movement of lever Oi, for example, the stirrup I38 moves rearwardly along the lever I21 (Figures 5, 6, 17 and 18), tending to swing and carry the latter upwardly about its pivot III. The spring it, relaxed only when lever ti is in its lowered or working position, is tensioned when the arm ill assumes its rest position and pulls against the free end of this am. thereby tending to participate along with the stirrup I" in moving the lever ill on its upward travel A feature of novelty in connection with the description of the stirrup if! and its association with the main shaft 83 isthat when the actuating lever ii is first moved slightly from its rest position shown in Figure 5, an action which has been made possible by the operation of the member 41 of the releasing coupler 0 upon seating home of the coin slides 24, II, the tie member ii! is disposed vertically. and hence in alignment with stirrup I" hinged thereto. Thus, the stirrup If! is free to move loosely along the main feed roll lever i2! without binding, and consequently exerts no lifting action thereon during the first portion of its travel. As a matter of fact. when the members ll of the releasing coupler unlatch the ends of arms lib and I1, the rocker shaft 88 first rotates clockwise a slight distance in Figurea 6 and 6 to release the ratchet and under the impelling action of spring III. This results in slight force movement of the tie member iii, an action which is taking place while the stamps I! are registering on record strip It. It is not until the lever ll reaches the top of its travel in Figure 5 that shaft it can be rotated thereby in a counter-clockwise direction moving tie member ii! rearwardly in Figure 6 and exerting lifting action on lever iii. The advantage of this is that the stamps ll make their impressions on a field of strip 88 while the latter is stationary. As a rmult. the impression is sharp and without blur. It is not until shaft 68 rocks tie member ii! into a position at a substantial angle to the perpendicular, as shown for example in Figure 8. that it lifts stirrup I" into positive engagement with lever ill. along which the stirrup had-theretofore slipped freely. After positive engagement between the stirrup III and lever ill occurs, as illustrated tor example in Figure 6, further rotation of shaft It in the same direction will result in stirrup Ill lilting lever ill through its vertical travel as indicated clearly in Figures 1'7 and 18.

An auxiliary feed roll I38 serves to press strongly against the main feed roll I28 near the bottom thereof, on the side opposite the supply roll l2l. This auxiliary feed roll is carried in a bracket I" (Figure 20) pivoted to the main frame. For manual control of this auxiliary roll, the bracket I" is provided with a finger grip "0, whereby the feed roll can be moved away from the main roll I28 when desired. A powerful spring. prefer ably coiled, and shown at ill, is disposed between a suitable frame member and the bracket m and normally urges the feed roll III strongly against the main roll I". The auxiliary roll may be moved away from the main roll upon the insertion of a new roll of record paper, when it is desired to feed more than a single held of the record strip paper through the device at one time. and when it is desired to operate the device without advancing the record strip through the machine. Normally, however, the record strip rides over the main feed roll I23. overrunning the latter, and then extending down between the main roll and the auxiliary roll, the pressure of the auxiliary roll against the paper fed about the main roll ensuring that the record strip is friction-pulled along as the main roll I2! is ad-'- vanced step-by-step.

A record strip in accordance with my invention is shown at Figure 18. The record strip 86 is divided into a plurality of fields, a b and c. The coin stam I! in held a has made a stamping showing that a tariil. of has been paid. The time stamp shows that this money was paid at five minutes of 2:00 on April 30, 1940, while the indicia inserted by the marking means it (Figure 'l) or other suitable recording instrument shows that this payment was for the privilege of leaving on the parking lot a Montana car having license indicia JVC. Field b shows that was paid at 2:35 on April 30, 1840, for a Virginia car having license number 7879. Finally, iield c shows that be was paid at 3:25 on April 30, 1940, for a New York car having license number J-43-M.

The operation of the coin-actuated metering and registerin device While the operation of the coin-actuated device wfll in large measure be perfectly obvious from the foregoing, nevertheless it will be helpful to summarize briefly at this point the sequential steps which are taken in operating the device. Accordingly, we will assume that the patron has parked his vehicle, be the same a car. truck, trailer, horse-drawn conveyance or any other suitable road vehicle. on the parking lot. has been confronted with a sign and at the housing it (Figure 1) located on or adjacent the parking lot, having first provided himself with suitable identifying indicia from the vehicle, such as license tag number and State of ori in. an identifying plate, or the like, and he being provided with coins of suitable denomination, he is prepared to operate the coin-actuated metering and registering device.

Having first determined the approximate total duration of stay on the parking lot that particular day. he then deposits coins permitting him the use of the parking lot for that period in accordance with a prevailing schedule or tariiis which is tiy displayed on the parking lot or the th, or both.

The number of coin slides corresponds to the maximum number of coins which will be deposited for any one use of the metering device. inasmuch as it is certainly desirable and almost essential that the printing of the amount of coins deposited be accomplished at substantially the same time,-and on but one held of the record strip, as will be pointed out hereinafter.

When the patron iirst sees the metering device its appearance will be substantially that oi Figure 3, i. e. the coin slides I4, II are extended, window it closes window opening II, and the face of the clock It is visible through the sight opening II. Actuating lever It with handle I is in raised position Upon seating home the coin slides, the coins are dropped into the coin tubes II, II and rocker arms ll, 80 are swung rearwardly in slots 8|. As they do this. they depress the correspondmg self-inking number printers ll to print on the working held of the record strip ll data as to the total amount of money deposited. Towards the end of theirtravei these rocker arms ongage releasing coupler l8 and rocking the same rearwardly about shaft ll, pull latches 68, II out of engagement with the shoulders 48, ll of the window ll. so that the latter is drawn upwardly by spring Iii, thereby exposing the window opening I I. At the same time, spring action, aided by gravity, brings the marking pencil or stylus ll (Figures 7 and 8) from chute ll into the field of use on platform 2!.

Simultaneously, the stops ll (Figures 8 and is), fast at the ends of the releasing coupler ll, are swung out of contact with the rollers 04 on the bell-crank levers II, II, so that spring ill (Figure 6) can return shaft '8 to the fartherest extent of,its movement in a clockwise direction as seen in Figure 8, carrying with it the bell-crank levers aforesaid and the actuating lever OI. Movement of the bell-crank lever is in the manner pointed out permits the dos ill (Figure 16) to fall into the lower directionchanging recess ill, so that the dog will switch over and condition the actuating lever ti (Figure 8) for downward swinging.

Itwiilbeksptinmindthatthepatronhas already invested his coins in the device. when thewindowisopened,heinsertsthereon,asby the pencil in the case showmidentifying data suchasstateoforiginandlieensetagnumber or other arbitrary data unique to his particular vehicle. Insuchcasetheinsertionofthscoins will simply unlock such mechanism. or mechanisms, rather than cause a window to be raised. The controlling. point, however, is that in any convenient manner. a permanent record be obtained on the record strip, in sequential manner, of the amount of money deposited, the vehicle for which it is deposited, and the time at which the money was deposited. A receipt printer of conventional form may be associated with the device; to provide the patron with a printed receipt.

Having paid his money and having entered the identifying information on the record strip, it is now necessary for the patron to P his investment. To do this, he pulls the actuating lever ll downwardly by its handle it.

HavingreterenoetoFigures'iandiLandaJso toFiguresliand 6,itwillbeseenthatwhenthis is done, the lever ll, fast to shaft ll, rocks the rock the time clock bell-crank levers ll. CI in a counter-clockwise direction (Figure ii), so that the links I. III II downwardly. At the same time the take-upreei II oi the marking mechanism through gear quadrant ll (Figure shiswoundinsuchdirectionsstowindupths pencil II and withdraw it irom'the window opening, at the same time tensioning spring ll.

As the time clock II is lowered, the guide shai't II or the latter contacts the It. to or over the cooperating shoulders ll ll. thereby.

eti'ectively locking the window II in its closed position. l

As the actuating lever Ii is swung downwardly theyokeiil (l'isurescandcl isswungupwardly, flexing spring Ill so that the latter exerts a restoring force. when the patron releases the lever II at the bottom of its swing, the spring Ill tends to restore the mechanism to its rest positiomorshouldthepatronhimseltmovethe upwardly through its path the spring Ill participates in that restoring action. As the lever ll swings downwardly (Figures and c) the stirrup ill on yoke iii moves rearwardly oi lever I21, rocking the same upwardly (clockwise) about its pivot point III, so that the forward end thereo: moves upwardly in its v tical slide, and advances the arm Illa carrying pawl ill in a generally clockwise directionil'igure 19), so that it engages the next adjacent shoulder I II 01' plate cam it. This conditions the device for step-by-step movement or the record strip It from its supply reel III (Figure across to and pastieed roll I28.

As the arm b or bell-crank lever (it reaches ,the upper end or itstravel along segmental rack llll (Figure 8) the dog 0 drops into the upper swings over conditioned to cam in a direction opposite to that in which it functions on the upswing of the lever. It is to be noted that this cam prevents reversal of direction or movement oi the lever ll at intermediate points along its path of. travel: 1. e. once the lever ll begins its swing, it is compelled to complete its travel betore movement in a reverse direction can be accomplished. r

The lever ll having reached the bottom oi its travel (Figure 6), restoring action or the lever to thereised or rest position as shown in Figure 5 causes the gear quadrant it (Figure '1) to unwind the take-up reel I2, thereby unwinding cable ll so that spring ll pulls the pencil 18 into rest position Just back of window ll. Surplus chain depends downwardly in a loop through slot ll. when the window It is next raised, therefore, the pencil II is spring and gravity-fed onto platform 22.

At the same time the belt-crank levers ll, it, through links I", "ll, restore the time clock II to its rest or raised position (Figures 5 and ii. The window ll, however. having been latched by lock bars II. II, remains in its closed position. When the dog H0 approaches the bottom of its travel it is prevented from reaching the absolute limit oi. that travel by stop 41 (Figure 18) on releasing coupler ll. This eilectively prevents the dog from falling into the bottom directionchanging recess Ill. Thus the actuating lever OI cannot again be swung in either direction until one or more coin slides ll. II are actuated.

As the lover I" (Figure 5) is swuns' downwsrdiyss anincident torestoringieverll toits its restoring action on the main shaft 83. and because it is extremely powerful, this spring would normally tend to seat quite abruptly the various 0! the device, with consequent risk or damage to the delicate parts thereof. Dash-pot mechanism HI, I", lit, ill, and Ill (Flames 5 and 8) eflectlvelr serves to cushion the restoring action, so that the final movements or the various parts or the device are comparatively gentle and no damage is worked on the moving Parts of the device. At this time the device is ready tor operation anew, window ll being closed and a new. fresh field oi the record strip I beins disposed beneath ll.

Itwill readily be appreciated that there is no necessity of disposing the window ll vertically and that this latter can be arranged at any convenient angle to the vertical. Similarly, there is no requirement that the record strip ll be disposed horizontally, and this latter can be arwanged at any desired angle to the horizontal.

The storing or the coins in the coin tubes ll. 28 makes it possible for the operator, when removin these coins and upon encountering a dei'ective coin or a slug, to check asainst the permanent record strip 36 and iind for precisely which vehicle this detective coin was deposited. He is then in a position to warn that particular patron. or perhaps to have him punished.

Conclusion My new invention makes it possible to operate parking lots successfully with minimum of atillustrate, in a parking lot which I have had in operation for some months, I have found it entirely practical to omit attendance of operators for as much as two or three days at a time, with return or the operator or attendant to the lot at aperiodic intervals and irregular hours, and yet have found substantially no abuse oi privileges. Additionally, in those instances where slugs or mutilated coins have been employed, or where the vehicle remains on the parking lot for periods in excess 01' that for which payment has been made. these violations and can be readily checked and the odender cautioned. Lots too small to be operated economically according to practices heretofore empioyed, can be utilized with gratifying profit to the operator, even when comparatively low tarii! schedules are employed Parking is tacilitated for the patron, and he can park and remove his car with a minimum of effort. Data concerning parking can be inserted only upon insertion of coins in the registering device. and su quent operation of the device in order to produce a complete record is made mandatory upon the patron, in order to protect his investment. Additionally. my new parking lot system and method of operating 

